{"id":2239,"date":"2024-10-02T13:54:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=2239"},"modified":"2024-10-02T13:56:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:56:39","slug":"youtubeqplgp1xpheo-youtube","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/youtubeqplgp1xpheo-youtube\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n


M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO
<\/strong>
\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n


4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas thay x\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO
<\/strong>
\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n


4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas thay x\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a LPG l\u00e0 46,0 MJ\/kg. Nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng l\u00e0 47,3 MJ\/kg. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng l\u00e0 750kg\/m3<\/sup>, v\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng t\u00ednh theo l\u00edt l\u00e0 35,475MJ\/l\u00edt. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG\/gi\u00e1 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng l\u00e0 1,3. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed. H\u00ecnh 19 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 LPG trong 4 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 1kg LPG\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,9 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng 98. H\u00ecnh 20 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 LPG v\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u1edf Anh trong 3 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa 1kg LPG v\u00e0 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng \u1edf Anh trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 0,95<1. B\u1ea3ng 1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa LPG v\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Qua \u0111\u1ea5y ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Th\u00e1i Lan, gi\u00e1 1kg LPG x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 0,5 l\u00edt x\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


                Gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2010) l\u00e0 16.450 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng v\u00e0 22.250 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/1kg LPG, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa 1 kg LPG v\u00e0 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1,3, t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa 1kg LPG v\u00e0 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u01b0a khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.

                Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng. V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u LPG\/x\u0103ng GATEC-25 xe g\u1eafn ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 1 kg LPG khi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt x\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 gas \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 32%. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn 54% khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 1: T\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 LPG v\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/td>\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/td>Pakistan<\/td>Bangladesh<\/td>Th\u00e1i Lan<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 1kg LPG\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng<\/td>0.44<\/td>0.93<\/td>0.92<\/td>0,61<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

           <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas<\/strong>                Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 1,5kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc\/tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas l\u00e0 3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5u hao trong v\u00f2ng 15 n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, kinh ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 120 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n v\u00e0 mua l\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 l\u00e3i khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5000 chi\u1ebfc (h\u00ecnh 21). N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg th\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas b\u1eaft d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u00e3i khi c\u00f3 2000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas (h\u00ecnh 22). L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m khi c\u00f3 10.000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

               Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ngo\u00e0i xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u00eam 100 chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 30kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc\/tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas khi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 23 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh 24. Do \u00f4 t\u00f4 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn (g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y theo gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh) n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 100 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

               Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y (2 chi\u1ec1u) \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd l\u00e0 2.000 chi\u1ebfc th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 24.000 chi\u1ebfc. N\u1ebfu 50%  s\u1ed1 xe n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u00f9ng gas th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas trong tu\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 chi\u1ebfc. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec khi l\u1eafp tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 l\u00e3i kho\u1ea3ng 5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg. C\u0169ng theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh 1 ta th\u1ea5y m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 taxi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 400 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd (Ng\u1ea3 Ba Hu\u1ebf). N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 t\u00f4 qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0 100 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0y (1 chi\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 1200 chi\u1ebfc. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 10% s\u1ed1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas (kho\u1ea3ng 100 chi\u1ebfc) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau, tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3i 2,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 l\u00e3i 7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg.
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1.2, t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 LPG\/x\u0103ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ra 4000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg LPG cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg LPG cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 44,5% v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh 21 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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             Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 20 tri\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 31 tri\u1ec7u xe. \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300.000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 50% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y n\u00eau tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 150.000 chi\u1ebfc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho 12.000 chi\u1ebfc xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y th\u00ec \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 13 tr\u1ea1m l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p gas cho Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 26. Theo \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 80% so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO II khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO III.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh CO2<\/sub>, n\u1ebfu nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Cn<\/sub>H2n+2<\/sub> th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> th\u1ea3i ra khi ch\u1ea1y 1 mol nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 44n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng l\u00e0 octane C8<\/sub>H18<\/sub>, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 352g\/mol x\u0103ng hay 2,3kg\/l\u00edt x\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LPG, l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 50% Propan v\u00e0 50% Butan, v\u1eady n=3,5, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 154g\/mol LPG hay 3,02kg\/kg LPG. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y LPG l\u00e0 2,3kg, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t sinh khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng.
\"\"               \"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1.2, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y LPG di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n x\u0103ng n\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC, c\u1ee9 1 kg LPG xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt x\u0103ng, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 34% khi xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Song song v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111un n\u1ea5u gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.

            Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than, c\u1ee7i hay d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t. Khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eedu d\u1ee5ng gas l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u00e1c chung c\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 92% c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n nay, so v\u1edbi 7,2% s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng than, c\u1ee7i (h\u00ecnh 27). \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 b\u00ecnh gas 12 kg m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t (chi\u1ebfm 92,3%). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7,2% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 b\u00ecnh gas m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng (h\u00ecnh  28). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gas cung c\u1ea5p qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh 12kg. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p ga t\u1eadp trung cho c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ga t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 gas cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ga b\u00e1n l\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean khi th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, do ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 41,4% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a khu chung c\u01b0 so v\u1edbi 58,2% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh gas b\u00e1n l\u1ebb (h\u00ecnh 29). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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              C\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng 10kg gas\/th\u00e1ng (d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 b\u00ecnh 12kg) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a  ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 2m3<\/sup> (ch\u1ee9a 80% LPG l\u1ecfng, t\u1ee9c 800kg) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 n\u1ea1p gas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


             Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i khu v\u1ef1c quanh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. B\u1ea3ng 3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 4-5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nu\u00f4i 2 con tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, 6 con l\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m biogas 4-5 m3<\/sup>, v\u1edbi 20-50 kg nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1ea1p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200-500 l\u00edt kh\u00ed, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biogas sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,5 gi\u1edd\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 3: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3i
h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (kg\/con)<\/td>		H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 (%)<\/td>		T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\/N<\/td>S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed
 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (l\/kg nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1i)<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u00f2<\/td>15 – 20<\/td>18 – 20<\/td>24 – 25<\/td>15 – 32<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  tr\u00e2u<\/td>18 – 25<\/td>16 – 18<\/td>24 – 25<\/td>15 – 32<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  l\u1ee3n<\/td>1,2 – 4<\/td>24 – 33<\/td>12 – 13<\/td>40 – 60<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i gia c\u1ea7m<\/td>0,02 – 0,05<\/td>25 – 50<\/td>5 – 15<\/td>50 – 60<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>0,18 – 0,34<\/td>20 – 34<\/td>2,9 – 10<\/td>60 – 70<\/td><\/tr>
B\u00e8o t\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/td>–<\/td>4 – 6<\/td>12 – 25<\/td>0,3 – 0,5<\/td><\/tr>
R\u01a1m r\u1ea1 kh\u00f4<\/td>–<\/td>80 – 85<\/td>48 – 117<\/td>1,5 – 2,0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                Hi\u1ec7n nay qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qui m\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ea7m biogas kho\u1ea3ng 4-5m3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh ho\u1ea1t hay ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. H\u1ea7m biogas n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m biogas c\u00f3 qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10 con heo), ngo\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, biogas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc hay k\u00e9o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c (h\u00ecnh\"\" 30). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m sinh kh\u00ed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u GATEC [9]. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn 1m3<\/sup> biogas th\u00e0nh 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 l\u00edt d\u1ea7u diesel v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1kg CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong>            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        V\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 3 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bus ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG.
–        V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG cho \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p LPG r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.
–        Cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0.
–        Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Taillard :Regional Planning and Urban Renewal in Danang, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/em>\u00a0Chulalongkorn, B\u0103ng c\u1ed1c, 2005<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. http:\/\/www.baomoi.com\/Home\/KinhTe\/www.hanoimoi.com.vn\/Nam-2008-GDP-da-vuot-nguong-1000-USDnguoi\/2324308.epi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam\u00a0:\u00a0Planning Urban Transport System for Danang City.\u00a0<\/em>ICAT 2002, PROCEEDINGS International conference on automotive technology, paper 032. Science and Technics publishing house.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. BUI Van Ga, TRAN Van Nam, PHUNG Xuan Tho\u00a0:\u00a0Clean Buses in Vietnam<\/em>.\u00a0<\/em>International Conference on Automotive Technology, ICAT\u201902, Paper 033, Hanoi, 24-28 October 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Bui Van Ga, Ho Tan Quyen, Nhan Hong Quang\u00a0:\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9<\/em>h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Khoa h\u1ecdc, chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/em>\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u00e0y 22-23\/8\/2003<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. BUI VAN GA\u00a0:\u00a0Tramway-Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/em>. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 102, pp. 9-11,15, S\u1edf Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, 2004<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

           7.     BUI VAN GA : C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tramway t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/em>. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 104, pp. 4-8, S\u1edf Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, 2004
           8.     B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga: B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 6643 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba van ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y LPG\/x\u0103ng”. C\u1ee5c S\u1edf H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y <\/em>09-10-2007
           9.     BUI VAN GA, TRAN VAN QUANG, TRUONG LE BICH TRAM: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, pp 23-26, th\u00e1ng 12-2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


                    Gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2010) l\u00e0 16.450 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng v\u00e0 22.250 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/1kg LPG, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa 1 kg LPG v\u00e0 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1,3, t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa 1kg LPG v\u00e0 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u01b0a khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.

                    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng. V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u LPG\/x\u0103ng GATEC-25 xe g\u1eafn ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 1 kg LPG khi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt x\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 gas \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 32%. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn 54% khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3ng 1: T\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 LPG v\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/td>\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/td>Pakistan<\/td>Bangladesh<\/td>Th\u00e1i Lan<\/td><\/tr>
    T\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 1kg LPG\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng<\/td>0.44<\/td>0.93<\/td>0.92<\/td>0,61<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

               <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas<\/strong>                Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 1,5kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc\/tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas l\u00e0 3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5u hao trong v\u00f2ng 15 n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, kinh ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 120 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n v\u00e0 mua l\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 l\u00e3i khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5000 chi\u1ebfc (h\u00ecnh 21). N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg th\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas b\u1eaft d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u00e3i khi c\u00f3 2000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas (h\u00ecnh 22). L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m khi c\u00f3 10.000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                   Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ngo\u00e0i xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u00eam 100 chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 30kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc\/tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas khi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 23 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh 24. Do \u00f4 t\u00f4 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn (g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y theo gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh) n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 100 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                   Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y (2 chi\u1ec1u) \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd l\u00e0 2.000 chi\u1ebfc th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 24.000 chi\u1ebfc. N\u1ebfu 50%  s\u1ed1 xe n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u00f9ng gas th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas trong tu\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 chi\u1ebfc. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec khi l\u1eafp tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 l\u00e3i kho\u1ea3ng 5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg. C\u0169ng theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh 1 ta th\u1ea5y m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 taxi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 400 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd (Ng\u1ea3 Ba Hu\u1ebf). N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 t\u00f4 qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0 100 chi\u1ebfc\/gi\u1edd (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0y (1 chi\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 1200 chi\u1ebfc. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 10% s\u1ed1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas (kho\u1ea3ng 100 chi\u1ebfc) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau, tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3i 2,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg v\u00e0 l\u00e3i 7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/n\u0103m n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 gas l\u00e0 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg.
    Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1.2, t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 LPG\/x\u0103ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec gi\u00e1 1 kg LPG gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 7000 \u0111\u1ed3ng so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ra 4000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg LPG cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg LPG cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 44,5% v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh 21 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 20 tri\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 31 tri\u1ec7u xe. \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300.000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 50% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y n\u00eau tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng gas, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 150.000 chi\u1ebfc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p gas ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho 12.000 chi\u1ebfc xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y th\u00ec \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 13 tr\u1ea1m l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p gas cho Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 26. Theo \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 80% so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO II khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO III.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh CO2<\/sub>, n\u1ebfu nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Cn<\/sub>H2n+2<\/sub> th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> th\u1ea3i ra khi ch\u1ea1y 1 mol nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 44n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng l\u00e0 octane C8<\/sub>H18<\/sub>, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 352g\/mol x\u0103ng hay 2,3kg\/l\u00edt x\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LPG, l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 50% Propan v\u00e0 50% Butan, v\u1eady n=3,5, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 154g\/mol LPG hay 3,02kg\/kg LPG. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y LPG l\u00e0 2,3kg, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t sinh khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng.
    \"\"               \"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe m\u00e1y khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1.2, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y LPG di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n x\u0103ng n\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC, c\u1ee9 1 kg LPG xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt x\u0103ng, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub> gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 34% khi xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    7. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Song song v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qui ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111un n\u1ea5u gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than, c\u1ee7i hay d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t. Khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eedu d\u1ee5ng gas l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf c\u00e1c chung c\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 92% c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n nay, so v\u1edbi 7,2% s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng than, c\u1ee7i (h\u00ecnh 27). \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 b\u00ecnh gas 12 kg m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t (chi\u1ebfm 92,3%). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7,2% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 b\u00ecnh gas m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng (h\u00ecnh  28). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gas cung c\u1ea5p qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh 12kg. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p ga t\u1eadp trung cho c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ga t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 gas cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ga b\u00e1n l\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean khi th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, do ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 41,4% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a khu chung c\u01b0 so v\u1edbi 58,2% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh gas b\u00e1n l\u1ebb (h\u00ecnh 29). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n



                  C\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng 10kg gas\/th\u00e1ng (d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 b\u00ecnh 12kg) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a  ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 2m3<\/sup> (ch\u1ee9a 80% LPG l\u1ecfng, t\u1ee9c 800kg) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 n\u1ea1p gas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


                 Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i khu v\u1ef1c quanh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. B\u1ea3ng 3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 4-5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nu\u00f4i 2 con tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, 6 con l\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m biogas 4-5 m3<\/sup>, v\u1edbi 20-50 kg nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1ea1p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200-500 l\u00edt kh\u00ed, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biogas sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,5 gi\u1edd\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3ng 3: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3i
    h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (kg\/con)<\/td>    		H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
     ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 (%)<\/td>    		T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\/N<\/td>S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed
     h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (l\/kg nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1i)<\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u00f2<\/td>15 – 20<\/td>18 – 20<\/td>24 – 25<\/td>15 – 32<\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  tr\u00e2u<\/td>18 – 25<\/td>16 – 18<\/td>24 – 25<\/td>15 – 32<\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  l\u1ee3n<\/td>1,2 – 4<\/td>24 – 33<\/td>12 – 13<\/td>40 – 60<\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i gia c\u1ea7m<\/td>0,02 – 0,05<\/td>25 – 50<\/td>5 – 15<\/td>50 – 60<\/td><\/tr>
    Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i  ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>0,18 – 0,34<\/td>20 – 34<\/td>2,9 – 10<\/td>60 – 70<\/td><\/tr>
    B\u00e8o t\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/td>–<\/td>4 – 6<\/td>12 – 25<\/td>0,3 – 0,5<\/td><\/tr>
    R\u01a1m r\u1ea1 kh\u00f4<\/td>–<\/td>80 – 85<\/td>48 – 117<\/td>1,5 – 2,0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    Hi\u1ec7n nay qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qui m\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ea7m biogas kho\u1ea3ng 4-5m3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh ho\u1ea1t hay ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. H\u1ea7m biogas n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u1ea5u gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m biogas c\u00f3 qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10 con heo), ngo\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, biogas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc hay k\u00e9o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c (h\u00ecnh\"\" 30). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m sinh kh\u00ed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u GATEC [9]. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn 1m3<\/sup> biogas th\u00e0nh 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 l\u00edt d\u1ea7u diesel v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1kg CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    9. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong>            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    –        V\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 3 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bus ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG.
    –        V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG cho \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p LPG r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.
    –        Cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0.
    –        Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Taillard :Regional Planning and Urban Renewal in Danang, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/em> Chulalongkorn, B\u0103ng c\u1ed1c, 2005<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. http:\/\/www.baomoi.com\/Home\/KinhTe\/www.hanoimoi.com.vn\/Nam-2008-GDP-da-vuot-nguong-1000-USDnguoi\/2324308.epi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam : Planning Urban Transport System for Danang City. <\/em>ICAT 2002, PROCEEDINGS International conference on automotive technology, paper 032. Science and Technics publishing house.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. BUI Van Ga, TRAN Van Nam, PHUNG Xuan Tho : Clean Buses in Vietnam<\/em>. <\/em>International Conference on Automotive Technology, ICAT\u201902, Paper 033, Hanoi, 24-28 October 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Bui Van Ga, Ho Tan Quyen, Nhan Hong Quang : Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9<\/em>h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Khoa h\u1ecdc, chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/em>\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u00e0y 22-23\/8\/2003<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. BUI VAN GA : Tramway-Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/em>. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 102, pp. 9-11,15, S\u1edf Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, 2004<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

             7.     BUI VAN GA : C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tramway t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/em>. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 104, pp. 4-8, S\u1edf Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, 2004
             8.     B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga: B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 6643 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba van ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y LPG\/x\u0103ng”. C\u1ee5c S\u1edf H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y <\/em>09-10-2007
             9.     BUI VAN GA, TRAN VAN QUANG, TRUONG LE BICH TRAM: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, pp 23-26, th\u00e1ng 12-2008<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG (Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 1) 4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas thay x\u0103ng M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG (Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 1) 4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas thay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-introduct","category-introduct-introduct"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (2) - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/youtubeqplgp1xpheo-youtube\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (2) - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG (Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 1) 4. 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