{"id":2269,"date":"2024-10-02T13:55:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=2269"},"modified":"2024-10-02T13:55:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:55:26","slug":"nang-luong-sach-da-nang-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/nang-luong-sach-da-nang-1\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO<\/strong>

\u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u00e9t n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.

            V\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 3 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bus d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u “s\u1ea1ch”. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.

            V\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh ho\u1ea1t, Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gas t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cao. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd biogas l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.

            Song song v\u1edbi qui ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, ch\u1ec9nh trang \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997 khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n trung nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Tuy\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Lang Kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng M\u00eak\u00f4ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B\u0103ng c\u1ed1c (Th\u00e1i Lan) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u00f4n Minh (V\u00e2n Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c) [1]. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c.
            Trong 10 n\u0103m qua, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi khang trang v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Khu ph\u1ed1 B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng \u0110\u00f4ng thay cho c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t (h\u00ecnh 2), ph\u00e0 qua S\u00f4ng H\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (C\u1ea7u S\u00f4ng H\u00e0n, C\u1ea7u Thu\u1eadn Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, C\u1ea7u Tuy\u00ean S\u01a1n, C\u1ea7u R\u1ed3ng…) (H\u00ecnh 3). Nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (h\u00ecnh 4). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea5n \u00e1t l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u00ab \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng-Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00bb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.
            Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch cho giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. \u00d4 t\u00f4 thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7ncho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf xe \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u00ecnh 5 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 theo thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi GDP. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi GDP c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 1000USD. GDP n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 1000USD [2] v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5 n\u0103m. V\u00ec v\u1eady xu th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. H\u00ecnh 6 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Khi \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay d\u1ea7n xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y th\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui ho\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            Giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt. Do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tramway, metro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n cao. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 sinh th\u00e1i. Tuy ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.

           C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t x\u01b0a nay bao g\u1ed3m:

          + Trolleybus l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 tramway (h\u00ecnh 8). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh, trolleybus c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Diesel nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 lai xe trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n hay v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trolleybus ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh cao su ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. 

           + Monorail (h\u00ecnh 7) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Monorail ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n: ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t xe con thoi ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c xe ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u00f2ng k\u00edn theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monorail tuy ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tramway c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.

           + T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n hay tramway l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cstreetcar\u201d (xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1), ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201clight rail\u201d (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft nh\u1eb9). S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tramway n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed7 streetcar c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f2n light rail th\u00ec d\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.  V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tramway v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 10% gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho metro. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tramway ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tramway g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t xe bu\u00fdt) n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (tramway) v\u00e0 xe bus. H\u00ecnh 10 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2009). T\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 7h-8h v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 17h-18h. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edd tan t\u1ea7m, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1edbn.

             M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i xe\"\" g\u1eafn m\u00e1y qua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eeb 9.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 12.000 chi\u1ebfc\/h, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u C\u1ea7u S\u00f4ng H\u00e0n t\u1eeb 17h-18h, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 14.000 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y\/h. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y trung b\u00ecnh qua l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 chi\u1ebfc\/h. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 50% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00ec b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfang 2000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/gi\u1edd v\u00e0 gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ecfang 5000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe b\u00fayt 50 ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 40 xe\/gi\u1edd trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 100 xe\/gi\u1edd l\u00fac cao \u0111i\u1ec3m (c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 3 ph\u00fat c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i qua tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 1 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i qua tr\u1ea1m trong 1 ph\u00fat.
 
             N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tramway c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1edf 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/chuy\u1ebfn th\u00ec b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tramway l\u00e0 5 tram\/chi\u1ec1u\/gi\u1edd  hay12 ph\u00fat\/chuy\u1ebfn. Trong gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfang 12 chuy\u1ebfn tram\/chi\u1ec1u\/gi\u1edd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 5 ph\u00fat\/chuy\u1ebfn. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tramway nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.
 
            M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hi\u1ec7n nay kho\u1ea3ng 300 ngu\u1eddi\/ha. N\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee9 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp…) th\u00ec m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 400 (d\u00e2n c\u01b0+c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c)\/ha. Khi c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 1.000.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 (d\u00e2n c\u01b0+c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c) tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 600.
 
             C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Peter Newman (Public transport international 1\/99) cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0-c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng xe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.

               V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o qui ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf Paris, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta  nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 11. Tr\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0-c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ha; tr\u1ee5c tung bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 metro Paris. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m 10 l\u1ea7n th\u00ec gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3 l\u1ea7n. Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, kho\u1ea3ng 20% khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 400 xu\u1ed1ng 40.  Tramway c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ngtrung gian gi\u1eefa xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 metro. So v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tramway \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh r\u1ebb h\u01a1n do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tramway c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/gi\u1edd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 200.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000.000 d\u00e2n. Tram v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao tr\u00f9m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn tramway l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.

              \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tramway c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean chonh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, tuy\u1ebfn tramway ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng-Li\u00ean Chi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di d\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (h\u00ecnh 12). Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tramway l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, trong giai \u0111\u1ecdan \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh t\u00e0u, mua t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n… (h\u00ecnh 13). Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 quen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tramway v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tramway hai chi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tramway nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qui ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tramway \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng-Nam \u00d4 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111u\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u0169 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tramway \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo ng\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 1m trong khi b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 1,435m. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng c\u1ee1 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh.

           Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn tramway \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp hai tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai s\u00e2n bay (h\u00ecnh 14). Ngo\u00e0i ba tuy\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe bus ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Li\u00ean Bang \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bus ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Song song v\u1edbi qui ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i EURO II cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m EURO IV hay EURO V c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eaft khe g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO II (h\u00ecnh 15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            \u00d4 t\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (Zero emission) l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 t\u00f4 ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Diesel, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 LPG, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, methanol, ethanol, biodiesel, \u0111i\u1ec7n, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u00f4 t\u00f4 lai (hybrid). Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 sau (h\u00ecnh 16):

             +  Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel:

            C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng cao r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun ray chung (common rail) \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u1ecdc b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng (dual fuel) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel.
 
           + \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng thay th\u1ebf:

            C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng thay th\u1ebf quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u1ed3n, colza,… c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y sinh ra \u00edt ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c carbon, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m CO2<\/sub>, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng thay th\u1ebf tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.
 
           + \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean:

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Cho t\u1edbi nay c\u00f3 hai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi\u1ebfn cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed hay d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng) tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4. Ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a composite gia c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i carbon. 

            + \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG:

            Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xem vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u00f4 t\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng sang d\u00f9ng LPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ba h\u01b0\u1edbng: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u LPG, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c x\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c LPG, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi diesel v\u00e0 LPG (dual fuel). Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p LPG kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0 kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u Venturie th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay phun LPG tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 phun LPG d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef LPG tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a LPG th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u LPG c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. 

            + \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n:
    
            \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (zero emission) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o accu do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a accu. N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh (th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi…) th\u00ec \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch th\u00ec \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0y nay \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng accu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.
  
          + \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:
 
           M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u00f3a n\u0103ng trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u00f4 t\u00f4. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y x\u1ea3y ra n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i theo ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong kh\u00ed x\u1ea3. \u00d4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ea1p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydrogen. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec v\u1eady li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao ho\u1eb7c trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.
 
           + \u00d4 t\u00f4 lai (hybrid):
   
           \u00d4 t\u00f4 lai l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. Trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp th\u00ec \u00f4 t\u00f4 lai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4 t\u00f4 lai d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng accu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi khi \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u1eebng v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t-m\u00e1t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean xe. \u00d4 t\u00f4 lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997, chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 lai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Toyota Prius ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4 lai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau: Honda Insight, Honda Civic, Toyota Prius… v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

           T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y v\"\"i\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a accu. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 hybrid. Tuy nhi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hybrid hay kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng LPG tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng-th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.

           Hi\u1ec7n nay Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u Dung Qu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. LPG c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG (h\u00ecnh 17) [8]. B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u00bc so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n EURO IV. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi 1kg LPG xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt x\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.

            Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng (h\u00ecnh 10), ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y trung b\u00ecnh qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 4000 chi\u1ebfc\/h v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 t\u00f4 con kho\u1ea3ng 200 chi\u1ebfc\/h. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 50% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y trung b\u00ecnh 1 gi\u1edd (ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 0,5kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc) v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 2 gi\u1edd (ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 5kg LPG\/chi\u1ebfc) th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LPG ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 3 t\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a 8m3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p LPG cho s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ga trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5p LPG nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (h\u00ecnh 18).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO \u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG             Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u00e9t n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-introduct","category-introduct-introduct"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (1) - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/nang-luong-sach-da-nang-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch-\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (1) - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG “S\u1ea0CH” CHO \u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG-TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG             Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. 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