{"id":2748,"date":"2024-10-04T18:57:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=2748"},"modified":"2024-10-04T18:58:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:58:03","slug":"thong-so-toi-uu-cua-dong-co-biogas-danh-lua-cuong-buc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/thong-so-toi-uu-cua-dong-co-biogas-danh-lua-cuong-buc\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TH\u00d4NG S\u1ed0 K\u1ebeT C\u1ea4U V\u00c0 V\u1eacN H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0I \u01afU

C\u1ee6A <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS \u0110\u00c1NH L\u1eecA C\u01af\u1ee0NG B\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel ZH1115.

           Khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 14, 12 v\u00e0 10. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FLUENT. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c FROUDE. Ngu\u1ed3n biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> kh\u00e1c nhau.

           K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas l\u00e0 e=12. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n n\u00e0y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 2200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel. G\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 34\u00b0 \u0111\u1ebfn 42\u00b0. Trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 15% khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 60% l\u00ean 87%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas theo 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n: \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c [1]. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas.

            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CO2<\/sub> trong biogas l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p biogas-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed [2]. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng [5]. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub> trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y, v\u00ec v\u1eady gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n cao [3].

            Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biogas nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel.

           Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT V\u00c0 M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 
            \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i phun v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng khi chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas.

            Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 do hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel.

            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 RV60, RV125-2N(B) v\u00e0 EV2400N khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel v\u00e0 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh 1 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed a=1,6 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 he<\/sub>=0,35. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c n=2400 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 RV60, RV125-2N(B) v\u00e0 n=2200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 EV2400N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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           H\u00ecnh 1a cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel RV60 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 4,4kW, khi chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o khi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 65%CH4<\/sub>. Khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas cao h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 sau khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 RV125-2N(B) v\u00e0 EV2400N l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 67% v\u00e0 80% (h\u00ecnh 1b, c). \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 sau khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng cao.

           Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FLUENT. H\u00ecnh 2 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. M\u00e0ng l\u1eeda lan d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y. Khi piston \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 195\u00b0, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (h\u00ecnh 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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           \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 4. C\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi js<\/sub>=30\u00b0l\u00e0 1,078kJ, l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb chu tr\u00ecnh 1,016kJ khi js<\/sub>=20\u00b0.  C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 8,98kW v\u00e0 8,47kW.

           C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n O2<\/sub> trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e1y, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> cao th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y c\u00e0ng cao (h\u00ecnh 5). Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm 30 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm 20, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong xi lanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


           C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh 6-8 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a CH4<\/sub>, CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0 O2<\/sub> trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 O2<\/sub> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e1y (21,436% theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u1edf b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            Do h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 0. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n O2<\/sub> cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u00f2n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 60%CH4<\/sub> (do h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o).
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
            T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 CH4<\/sub> v\u00e0 O2<\/sub> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a 80%CH4<\/sub> gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 60%CH4<\/sub>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CH4<\/sub> l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2<\/sub> (h\u00ecnh 8). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y t\u1ecfa ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n (h\u00ecnh 5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U TH\u1ee4C NGHI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

             – Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong>

            \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel ZH1115 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 qua h\u1ecdng ventury. B\u01b0\u1edbm ga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (h\u00ecnh 9). B\u0103ng th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3u FROUDE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2n. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua card bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i A\/D. H\u00ecnh 10 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft bi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. M\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf h\u00ecnh 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
            Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb 2 ngu\u1ed3n:

–        Qua l\u1ecdc H2<\/sub>S b\u1eb1ng bentonite: Sau khi qua l\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t 60%, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n H2<\/sub>S c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 100ppm
–        Qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng NaOH: Sau khi qua l\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ea1t 91%, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n H2<\/sub>S c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 50ppm

          Biogas t\u1eeb h\u1ea7m sinh kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea9y qua c\u00e1c l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00fai ni l\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trung gian gi\u1eefa hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 60% v\u00e0 91%, ch\u00fang ta pha tr\u1ed9n biogas t\u1eeb hai ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00ed chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas.
 
          – K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/em><\/strong>

            H\u00ecnh 12 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ch\u1ee9a 63%, 74% v\u00e0 85% CH4<\/sub>. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 e=10 v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm js<\/sub>=47\u00b0. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng  c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kho\u1ea3ng 10% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 10%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


             H\u00ecnh 13 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh moment c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n methane trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 methane trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y t\u1ecfa ra c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh do \u0111\u00f3 moment \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo.
  
           H\u00ecnh 14 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i e=10, 12, 14. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub>, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm js<\/sub>=47. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u00edch n\u1ed5 \u1edf t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=14. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG \u1edf t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=12, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb k\u00edch n\u1ed5 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 3 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1eafp m\u00e1y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u1edf [4] cho th\u1ea5y khi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 9 \u0111\u1ebfn 15, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=10, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p e=14 \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. \u1ede v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=14 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p e=10. Kh\u00ed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi e=10 v\u00e0 e=14. Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi e=12 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat-2400 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat th\u00ec t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=12 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
 
              \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf 60% \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbm ga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 15. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=10 v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm 47 \u0111\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm 42 v\u00e0 52 \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat th\u00ec g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u01a1m 52 \u0111\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng th\u00ec g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.

             \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=12 v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 16. G\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 28 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn 47 \u0111\u1ed9. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 37 \u0111\u1ed9

             H\u00ecnh 17 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 theo g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 e=12, biogas ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub>) th\u00ec g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 34 \u0111\u1ebfn 42 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
           \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=12, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm , js<\/sub>=37\u00b0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 18. \u1ede v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kho\u1ea3ng 10% khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 60% \u0111\u1ebfn 87%. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 20% khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 87% xu\u1ed1ng 60%. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas.
 
            \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas. H\u00ecnh 8 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=12, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm js<\/sub>=37\u00b0.

            Trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1edf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 2000-2200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) nh\u01b0ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean (kho\u1ea3ng 2400-2600 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) th\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean phi tuy\u1ebfn. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CH4<\/sub> trong biogas nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n (h\u00ecnh 20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
           Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc CO2<\/sub> ph\u00fac t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn khi t\u0103ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n biogas cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecdc CO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
           H\u00ecnh 21 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 sau khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=10 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi biogas ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub> th\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m 20% \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 2200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n 12 v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm 37% th\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean moment theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (h\u00ecnh 22).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
           V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi biogas ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub>\u00a0trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 15% khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 CO2<\/sub>\u00a0sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdc CO2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. G\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas ngh\u00e8o (kho\u1ea3ng 60% CH4<\/sub>) n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 34\u00b0-42\u00b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub>\u00a0th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 e=12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p biogas t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc CO2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>1.     Klaus von Mitzlaff: Engines for Biogas<\/em>. Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 1988
    2.     M. Elia, M. Ulinski, M. Metghalchi: Laminar Burning Velocity of Methane-Air-Diluent Mixtures. <\/em>Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power JANUARY 2001, Vol. 123, pp 190-196, 2001
    3.     B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng, L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Long: \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub> \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a biogas trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. <\/em>T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, s\u1ed1 11\/2010, pp. 30-34
    4.     Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam, Tran Thanh Hai Tung: A simulation of effects of compression ratios on the combustion in engines fueled by biogas with variable CO2<\/sub> concentrations. <\/em>The 1st<\/sup> International Conference on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICEC-2011), HoChiMinh City, August 26-27\/2011
    5.     B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng, L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ea1ch: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y 110cc ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7-\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, s\u1ed1 7(48)\/2011, pp. 10-18.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    TH\u00d4NG S\u1ed0 K\u1ebeT C\u1ea4U V\u00c0 V\u1eacN H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0I \u01afU C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS \u0110\u00c1NH L\u1eecA C\u01af\u1ee0NG B\u1ee8C             B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-2","category-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c - 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