{"id":2850,"date":"2024-10-04T18:59:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=2850"},"modified":"2024-10-04T18:59:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:59:30","slug":"xe-gan-may-hybrid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/xe-gan-may-hybrid\/","title":{"rendered":"Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe XE G\u1eaeN M\u00c1Y HYBRID<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


            B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. B\u00e1nh xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 500W v\u00e0 1000W. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2000W l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho b\u00ecnh accu v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phanh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho accu. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau.
 
           K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y xe \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 55km\/h khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 10% so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. V\u1edbi b\u00ecnh LPG ch\u1ee9a 1kg nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 4 b\u00ecnh accu N12V-35AH n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 160km. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-LPG cho ph\u00e9p xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m EURO IV.
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1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


             L\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n do t\u00ednh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cao, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.

             Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn giao th\u00f4ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3\"\"n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Toyota, Honda. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.

  

              C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hybrid \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u00f4 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2005, Honda \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1eabu xe hybrid scooter [1] v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (h\u00ecnh 1). Xe hybrid n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong phun x\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed 50cc<\/sup> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u xoay chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh sau c\u1ee7a xe. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u1eafc quy niken-hy\u0111ro \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng xe ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t 30 km\/h. Khi c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean d\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong s\u1ebd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ai v\u00f4 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi xe gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o accu.

               C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng accu. Nh\u1edd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG thay cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng tr\u00ean xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid [3], [4]. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-LPG.
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2. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  
          – Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/em><\/strong>
            Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 240kg (ch\u1edf 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a 60km\/h.

            C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o (k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u FM<\/sub>) th\u1eafng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (FL<\/sub>), l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u00ean d\u1ed1c (FD<\/sub>), l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3 (FG<\/sub>) v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh khi t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c (FQ<\/sub>). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:
                                       
                                                                                                     FM<\/sub> = FL<\/sub> + FD<\/sub> + FG<\/sub> + FQ<\/sub>                                                     (1)

             L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh: FL<\/sub> = f.G v\u1edbi f l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n l\u0103n v\u00e0 G=2400N l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe, f=0,20 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n l\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 FL<\/sub> = 2400.0,020 = 48 (N).

             L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u00ean d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh: FD<\/sub> = G.sin\u03b1  v\u1edbi sin\u03b1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u00e0 10% (sin\u03b1 = 0,1), ta c\u00f3 FD<\/sub> = 2400.0,1 =240(N).

            L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh: FG<\/sub> = k.S.v2<\/sup> v\u1edbi k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, S l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xe. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y: k = 0,4\u00f70,5(Ns2<\/sup>\/m4<\/sup>) v\u00e0 S = 0,4\u00f70,6(m2<\/sup>). Ch\u1ecdn k = 0,4(Ns2<\/sup>\/m4<\/sup>), S = 0,4(m2<\/sup>) v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v = 60(km\/h) = 16,7(m\/s) ta c\u00f3 FG<\/sub> = 0,4.0,4.16,7.16,7 = 45(N).

            L\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh: FQ<\/sub> = M.a v\u1edbi M l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 a l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xe. Ch\u1ecdn gia t\u1ed1c a = 1(m\/s2<\/sup>) ta c\u00f3 FQ<\/sub> = 240.1 = 240(N).

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                  T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean, thay c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c (1) ta c\u00f3:

                                                                                                  FM<\/sub> = 48 + 240 + 45 + 240 = 573(N)                                       (2)

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 4 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi xe l\u00ean d\u1ed1c ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n gi\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c khi xe \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u00ec xem nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u00ean d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0:

                                                                                                  FMD<\/sub> = FL<\/sub> + FD<\/sub> = 48 + 240 = 288(N)                                       (3)

                                                                                                  FMG<\/sub> = FL<\/sub> + FG<\/sub> = 48 + 35 = 83(N)                                           (4)

           C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n chung nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a xe. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe leo d\u1ed1c tuy l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu xe ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t b\u00e9 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u00e9 h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khi \u0111\u00f3 FMG<\/sub> = 83(N) v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xe v = 16,7(m\/s). Ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a xe l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0:
                                                                                                  PMG<\/sub> = FMG<\/sub> . v = 83 . 16,7 = 1386(W)                                     (5)

             \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a xe, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a xe trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0: PM<\/sub> = PMG<\/sub> \/ h  v\u1edbi  hl\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 h= 0,95 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:
                
                                                                                                   PM<\/sub> = 1386 \/ 0,95 = 1459(W)                                                    (6)

            V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng PM<\/sub>=1500W. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5i than DC EBM08 do Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c DC 48(V) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 120W – 1500W. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o may \u01a1 b\u00e1nh xe (h\u00ecnh 2). \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh xe ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 500W l\u1eafp \u1edf b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1000W l\u1eafp \u1edf b\u00e1nh xe sau (t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng 1500W theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1edfi 4 b\u00ecnh accu N12V-35AH.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


              Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho accu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam momen h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (nh\u01b0 xe leo d\u1ed1c cao ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n). V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a xe. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n accu, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.

              T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00eau tr\u00ean, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t Honda GX80 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2200W t\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng quay 3000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat (h\u00ecnh 3). \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 GX80 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG nh\u1edd b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 4. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbm ga v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 xo van cung c\u1ea5p LPG (h\u00ecnh 5) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf [2]. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i h\u1ecdng van 3 \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1edd l\u00f2 xo k\u00e9o 1. Trong k\u1ef3 n\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i h\u1ecdng h\u00fat m\u00e0ng 2, th\u1eafng s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng l\u00f2 xo 1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf van 3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ga v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea1p. Khi t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3n t\u0103ng, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c m\u1edf l\u1edbn b\u01b0\u1edbm ga \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng l\u00f2 xo 5, th\u00f4ng qua d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i 4 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng van 3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ga v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (3000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) khi t\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng 10% so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t LPG \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n 2000W cung c\u1ea5p cho 2 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1eafp \u1edf hai b\u00e1nh xe.
 
3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hai ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/em><\/strong>

               S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 6. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:

              a) \u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n quay n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng quay l\u00e0m xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (h\u00ecnh 6) ta th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau qua ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00edch. Khi ch\u01b0a c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xe ch\u1ea1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft, b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n quay theo. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.
              \"\"
                b) \u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c khi c\u1ea7n d\u1eebng xe ho\u1eb7c khi xe xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u1ea3 tay ga, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tay ga s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd k\u00e9o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n quay theo th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng n\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i cho \u1eafc quy. V\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ly h\u1ee3p ly t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u00ean khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n quay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG quay theo. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eb7n tay ga, ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh t\u00e1i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean xe c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh tay b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.

              c) Khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3\u201d. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ta n\u1ea1p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u LPG cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Honda 50cc.  \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh k\u00e9o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh \u1eafc quy cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG – m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y xe trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ebft b\u00ecnh \u1eafc quy. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG – m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft n\u00ean s\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe sau. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u1ea3 tay ga, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng t\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tay ga \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7m ch\u1eebng, ly h\u1ee3p ly t\u00e2m s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phanh t\u00e1i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eb7n tay ga, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.

               d) Khi xe ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, n\u1ebfung\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i v\u1eb7n h\u1ebft tay ga m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20km\/h th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9o xe v\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ed1c. Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20km\/h ho\u1eb7c tay ga kh\u00f4ng v\u1eb7n h\u1ebft, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft (c\u1eaft s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh xe sau) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ea1p cho accu.

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi xe d\u1eebng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u1ea3 tay ga v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 xe, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh t\u00e1i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t r\u01a1 le \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edch t\u1eeb khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p.

            T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trung t\u00e2m (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ECC – Electronic Control Center) \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tay ga, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ra \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, r\u01a1 le \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG.

4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/em><\/strong>

             To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ECC – Electronic Control Center. B\u1ed9 ECC s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb: c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tay ga, c\u00f4ng t\u1eaft chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn: b\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ly h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, r\u01a1 le \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u00ecnh 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


           Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ECC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1. Trong b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc tay ga b\u1eadt \u201cON\u201d khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1p ga, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ga th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u1eaft n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cOFF\u201d. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf 3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7m ch\u1eebng 900 (v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i 3000 (v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat). C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


           \u1ede trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, tay ga c\u00f3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc tay ga g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ECC, c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ECC.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


             Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe sau, ch\u1ecdn 2 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1500W \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean xe v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf b\u00e1nh xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 500W v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf b\u00e1nh xe sau l\u00e0 1000W. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf h\u00ecnh 8 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sau l\u1eafp r\u00e1p xong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf h\u00ecnh 9. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u00e1nh xe sau \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ai. B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ai gi\u1eefa c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u00e1nh xe sau c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o khi xe v\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ed1c cao v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe (phanh t\u00e1i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ai v\u1edbi l\u00fd do: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00eam d\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n (accu) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111u\u00f4i xe.
 
            Sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, xe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i 55km\/h khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m 10% so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (60km\/h). Qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 60km v\u1edbi 4 b\u00ecnh accu N12V-35AH. Khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG, v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u 1 kg, xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 100km. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y accu v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a LPG, qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a xe kho\u1ea3ng 160km. Khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng LPG, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m EURO IV (hi\u1ec7n nay n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EURO II).
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

           –  Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-LPG l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.
           
           – B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t theo ki\u1ec3u \u201chi\u1ec7p tr\u1ee3\u201d gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 LPG v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e8m theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phanh gi\u00fap cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.
           
           – V\u1edbi 4 b\u00ecnh accu N12V-35AH v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a 1kg LPG xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-LPG ch\u1ea1y \u0111u\u1ee3c 160km v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n EURO IV.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]. http:\/\/vietbao.vn\/O-to-xe-may\/Honda-gioi-thieu-xe-than-thien-voi-moi-truong\/ 10899459\/350\/
[2]. B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ea B\u00edch Tr\u00e2m, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng Thi\u1ec7n, L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf<\/em>. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7y kh\u00ed to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, Hu\u1ebf, 26-28\/7\/2007, pp. 159-168
[3]. B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, H\u1ed3 S\u0129 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u00e2n: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-nhi\u1ec7t hai ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i<\/em>. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VIII, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 7-8\/12\/2007
[4]. GS.TSKH. B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Th.S. Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u00e2n: Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111i\u1ec7n-gas<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 1+2\/2008, pp. 49-51 v\u00e0 68<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe XE G\u1eaeN M\u00c1Y HYBRID             B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. B\u00e1nh xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 500W […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-2","category-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nXe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/xe-gan-may-hybrid\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe XE G\u1eaeN M\u00c1Y HYBRID             B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y hybrid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. 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