{"id":2870,"date":"2024-10-04T18:59:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=2870"},"modified":"2024-10-04T18:59:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T18:59:45","slug":"hieu-qua-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/hieu-qua-kinh-te\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2 KINH T\u1ebe<\/strong> C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C GI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P C\u1ea2I T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0
CH\u1ea0Y B\u1eb0NG X\u0102NG D\u1ea6U SANG CH\u1ea0Y B\u1eb0NG <\/strong>BIOGAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf cho x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.

            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u00e9, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf cho x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.

            Biogas l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Sau khi l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 H2<\/sub>S, biogas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean [1], [6]. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5m d\u1ea7n l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.

             Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng GATEC-20 (h\u00ecnh 1a) v\u00e0 GATEC-21 (h\u00ecnh 1b). C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 sau khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas\/diesel, biogas\/x\u0103ng [2], [3], [4], [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng biogas, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf h\u00f2a kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eadm h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a biogas s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.

            C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a GATEC c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas\/nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (x\u0103ng, diesel, 1 xi lanh, nhi\u1ec1u xi lanh, t\u0103ng \u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u00e1p,…), c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kW \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m kW.
T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:

–      T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5% t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5s.
–      \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/diesel s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 khi ch\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i; \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/x\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u0103ng khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.
–      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 biogas ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 1m3<\/sup> biogas \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n.

       V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:

\u00b7     Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u1eeba tr\u00e1nh phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t.
\u00b7     T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi h\u1ebft biogas, m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\u00b7     Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf biogas nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC, v\u1eeba tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.

        Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas. Do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng phun m\u1ed3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dual fuel ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng diesel phun m\u1ed3i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong>
            2.1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/x\u0103ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/x\u0103ng khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Db-x<\/sub> = 0,48.Pd<\/sub>.Xx<\/sub>                     (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/gi\u1edd)                               (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pd<\/sub>:       C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (kW)
Xx<\/sub>:       Gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/l\u00edt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas so v\u1edbi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Db-d<\/sub>  = Pd<\/sub>.Y                             (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/gi\u1edd)                               (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pd<\/sub>:       C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (kW)
Y:        Gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/kWh)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/diesel<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1yb\u1eb1ng biogas\/diesel ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel phun m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 5% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn (tr\u00ean 100kW) t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 25%. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.
– Chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel phun m\u1ed3i khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K = 7.10– 4<\/sup>Pdm<\/sub>.Xd<\/sub> (Pdm<\/sub> + 25)             (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/gi\u1edd)                   (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pdm<\/sub>:     C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel (kW)
Xd<\/sub>:       Gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u diesel (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/l\u00edt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Db-diesel<\/sub>  = 0,35lPdm<\/sub>.Xd<\/sub> – K                 (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/gi\u1edd)                   (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

l:         T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n\/c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas so v\u1edbi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Db-d<\/sub>  = lPdm<\/sub>.Y – K                              (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/gi\u1edd)                   (5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y:        Gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed3ng\/kWh)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas<\/strong>

            So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u: 14.600 \u0111\/l\u00edt (lo\u1ea1i 0,05S) v\u00e0 14.550 \u0111\/l\u00edt (lo\u1ea1i 0,25S)
– Gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng: 16.990 \u0111\/l\u00edt (lo\u1ea1i A92) v\u00e0 17.490 \u0111\/l\u00edt (lo\u1ea1i A95)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n 401 tr\u1edf \u0111i l\u00e0 2079 \u0111\/kWh. Gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo gi\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0y theo b\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

             H\u00ecnh 2a gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf. B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC-21 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p biogas. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p biogas gi\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng biogas. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p biogas ngh\u00e8o (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 60%) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. Sau khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng xong, kh\u00f3a x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng biogas. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a trong bu\u1ed3ng phao c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf h\u00f2a kh\u00ed. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi  n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (h\u00ecnh 2b).

             \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dual fuel biogas\/diesel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp th\u00eam b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC-20. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i diesel khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun diesel t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, 1 xi lanh, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y khi ch\u00e1y sinh ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y biogas \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec lu\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t ra, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dual fuel biogas\/diesel th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng biogas. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. H\u00ecnh 4a gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dual fuel biogas\/diesel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel 5kW v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh 4b gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi ch\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u diesel v\u00e0 so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.

               \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u xi lanh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c xi lanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xi lanh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u phun m\u1ed3i t\u0103ng theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169, b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p kh\u00f3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun m\u1ed3i l\u1edbn. H\u00ecnh 5a gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/diesel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel 60kW v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/diesel c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 5b. Khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng tr\u00ean 50kW, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>              H\u00ecnh 6 so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/x\u0103ng v\u00e0 biogas\/diesel so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf (c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 20kW), ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas\/x\u0103ng v\u00e0 biogas\/diesel kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng cao, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u00e9, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 trung v\u00e0 c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas\/x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0
–        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf (d\u01b0\u1edbi 20kW), hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng\/biogas v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel\/biogas kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau nhi\u1ec1u.
–        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] BUI VAN GA, NGO VAN LANH, NGO KIM PHUNG: Purification of biogas for fueling internal combustion engine.<\/em> Review Science and Technology, The University of Danang, No  4-2007
[2]B\u00d9I V\u0102N GA, L\u00ca MINH TI\u1ebeN, NGUY\u1ec4N V\u0102N \u0110\u00d4NG, NGUY\u1ec4N V\u0102N ANH: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dual-fuel biogas\/diesel<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc-C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, s\u1ed1 2(25)-2008, pp. 17-22
[3] B\u00d9I V\u0102N GA, TR\u1ea6N V\u0102N QUANG, TR\u01af\u01a0NG L\u00ca B\u00cdCH TR\u00c2M, NGUY\u1ec4N PHI QUANG: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc-C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, s\u1ed1 5(28)-2008, pp. 22-30
[4] BUI VAN GA, TRAN VAN QUANG, TRUONG LE BICH TRAM: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, pp 23-26, th\u00e1ng 12-2008
[5] B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ea B\u00edch Tr\u00e2m, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n van cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u xi lanh c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn<\/em>. T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng-V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, s\u1ed1 8\/2009, pp. 25-27
[6] Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan: Utilization of biogas engines in rural area: A contribution to climate change mitigation<\/em>. Colloque International RUNSUD 2010, pp. 19-31, Universite Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 23-25 Mars 2010
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