{"id":3084,"date":"2024-10-04T19:20:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T19:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/?p=3084"},"modified":"2024-10-04T19:20:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T19:20:24","slug":"gatec-va-dong-co-biogas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/gatec-va-dong-co-biogas\/","title":{"rendered":"GATEC v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

GATEC<\/strong>            
             GATEC l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y-Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (TRT) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa-\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c Khoa C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Giao th\u00f4ng, Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng.

L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a GATEC<\/strong>

1.     Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed;
2.     Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00e1y r\u1ed1i trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sinh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong;
3.     Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sinh nhi\u1ec7t;
4.     C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ecdc biogas \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong;
5.     C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e9n biogas l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n;
6.     C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed: LPG, CNG, Biogas.

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a GATEC<\/strong>

1.     Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG (2000);
2.     \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas (2005);
3.     \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel (2009);
4.     \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel (2011);
5.     B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel GATEC-20 (2012);
6.     B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas GATEC-21 (2012);
7.     Xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas n\u00e9n (2012).

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/strong>

GATEC<\/strong>
Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf
Khu D, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa-\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng
54 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eb1ng
\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i<\/td>Email<\/td><\/tr>
Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng<\/td>0913 459 649<\/td>haitungdng@gmail.com<\/td><\/tr>
L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn<\/td>0985 007 456<\/td>lmtien@ac.udn.vn<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00f5 Anh V\u0169<\/td>0932 533 059<\/td>anhvudynamic@gmail.com<\/td><\/tr>
Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thanh Xu\u00e2n<\/td>0982 144 369<\/td>nttxuan@dut.udn.vn<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Long<\/td>0916 878 712<\/td>long_bkdn@yahoo.com<\/td><\/tr>
Hu\u1ef3nh \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n<\/td>0905 687 472<\/td>hdtan@dongcobiogas.com<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Website: www.dongcobiogas.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf
<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS-BIOGAS ENGINES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Trang tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u00e9o m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean 100 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p biogas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: c\u1ea5p biogas t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p biogas n\u00e9n. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.

            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i khi chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 20%. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 2500 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 1m3<\/sup> biogas \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 l\u00edt d\u1ea7u diesel v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1kg CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

           This website presentsresults of research on developing biogas application technology for power generation, for producing mechanical energy for working machine and for transport in rural areas. Technology was completed based on theoretical research, modeling, and experimental results on 100 engines application. Two modes of biogas supply have been studied: on-site biogas and compressed biogas. Different solutions of conversion of traditional engine into biogas engine were studied. Dual fuel biogas-diesel engine is convenience for using alternative fuel but biogas spark ignition engine is more beneficial economically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


           The resultsshow that dual fuel biogas-diesel engine converted from diesel engine can produce equivalent maximum power as original diesel engine. But biogas engine converted from stationary gasoline engine produces about 20% power lower. Poor biogas fuel is not suitable for the engine running at speeds over than 2500 rpm. Biogas engine consumes about 1m3<\/sup> biogas to produce 1kWh electricity, saving 0.4 liters of diesel and contribute to reducing 1 kg of CO2<\/sub> emissions into the atmosphere.
 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            S\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p: h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.

            Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5m d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Copenhagen COP15 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf cho Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto s\u1eafp h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012.

            Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khi h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2<\/sub> trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng 500ppmV trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng th\u00eam CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kho\u1ea3ng 1100ppmV n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay (h\u00ecnh 1). N\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2<\/sub> t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean 2,8\u00b0C. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                 Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ebd h\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 22. Ri\u00eang d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10 n\u0103m (h\u00ecnh 2). V\u00ec v\u1eady gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch d\u1ea7n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thay th\u1ebf cho d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Khi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cnh\u1ed1t\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon n\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ed5i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t! N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cnh\u1ed1t\u201d carbon v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh s\u1edbm th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.

              M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 khi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Chernobyl n\u0103m 1986 v\u00e0 Fukushima n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t-s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n-h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u2026 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t!

               S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tinh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang, do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc.

             Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 80% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y h\u1ea7m biogas \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam-H\u00e0 Lan. Tuy nhi\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n biogas ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111un n\u1ea5u v\u00e0 sinh nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf biogas th\u1eeba ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh ra th\u1eeba so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111un n\u1ea5u [2].

            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n hay l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ecdc biogas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Biogas l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2<\/sub> trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n (h\u00ecnh 3). S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biogas sinh ra cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, gia c\u1ea7m (h\u00ecnh 4). Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biogas, t\u1ee9c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CH4<\/sub> trong biogas, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 50-70% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch biogas. CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Siloxane l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u00e1m mu\u1ed9i trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. H2<\/sub>S l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong biogas v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00e1c cho ti\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong biogas ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (h\u00ecnh 5). \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub> \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n cao, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub> trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf CO2<\/sub>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, siloxane kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y b\u00e1m mu\u1ed9i silice l\u00ean th\u00e0nh bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i x\u00fac t\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf siloxane c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m mu\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e9n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.
  
              Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong biogas th\u00ec H2<\/sub>S l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (m\u01b0a acide). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf H2<\/sub>S t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub>S cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 1000ppm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecdc H2<\/sub>S b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft nh\u01b0 bentonite, \u0111\u00e1 ong\u2026 hay phoi ti\u1ec7n s\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ecdc H2<\/sub>S c\u1ee7a bentonite cao nh\u1ea5t (h\u00ecnh 6). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub>S trong biogas ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi 100ppm. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u1ecdc x\u00fac t\u00e1c sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m cung c\u1ea5p biogas n\u00e9n, c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 H2<\/sub>S tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e9n v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a.       
   
               Sau khi qua l\u1ecdc t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5-h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub>S gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10ppm v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CH4<\/sub> t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 95%. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n biogas v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi [3]. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 (h\u00ecnh 7) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o.
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3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

               Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi ph\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ee7y kh\u00ed FLUENT. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y biogas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CO2<\/sub>, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e1y, t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel phun m\u1ed3i\u2026 

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            Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y g\u1ed3m biogas v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda diesel (h\u00ecnh 8). Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1ecfm c\u1ea7u (h\u00ecnh 9), bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m (h\u00ecnh 10), bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1t ki\u1ec3u omega c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel (h\u00ecnh 11) [5], [7], [8].

            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y theo th\u1eddi gian hay theo g\u00f3c quay tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u.

            Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a cho th\u1ea5y khi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y gi\u1ea3m (h\u00ecnh 12) nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y t\u0103ng (h\u00ecnh 13). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p (h\u00ecnh 14) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p (h\u00ecnh 15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 
            Do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas n\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.

            H\u00ecnh 16 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan 6000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00ecnh 17 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i.
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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

  4. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-x\u0103ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng biogas hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng). \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel (\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng diesel hay ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng tia phun m\u1ed3i diesel) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n biogas \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khi h\u1ebft biogas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-x\u0103ng, biogas-diesel l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p biogas d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng biogas l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t [4]. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng diesel phun m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

               Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun diesel t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f2i phun kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng biogas, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 15% \u0111\u1ebfn 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun diesel \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u00e9, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng diesel t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng diesel phun m\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas.

              Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u0103ng th\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ec7 m\u00e1y di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafp tr\u00ean xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf (h\u00ecnh 18). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biogas kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c FROUDE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m LABVIEW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean 3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

             K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CH4<\/sub> trong biogas \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u1ede v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (h\u00ecnh 19). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a (h\u00ecnh 14). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi biogas ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y gi\u1ea3m n\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.

             T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\"\"\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas l\u00e0 e=12 (h\u00ecnh 20). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u1ea3y ra k\u00edch n\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub> nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi biogas ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub> v\u00e0 40% CO2<\/sub>, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n e=17 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra k\u00edch n\u1ed5.

              Do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p biogas-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 30\u00b0(\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 biogas gi\u00e0u) \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00b0(\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 biogas ngh\u00e8o). H\u00ecnh 21 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau khi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a 60% CH4<\/sub>. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 2500 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat.

             Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c hay nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel, khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas d\u00f9 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft l\u01b0u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel phun v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0103ng theo \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9. H\u00ecnh 22 cho th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u00ec t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m do t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.

            Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 20%. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u1eafp tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec khi chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i do gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng biogas, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 40%.

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf h\u00f2a kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00ec khi t\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a van cung c\u1ea5p biogas th\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng 30% so v\u1edbi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf h\u00f2a kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (h\u00ecnh 23). Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbm ga cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 van l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eadm cung c\u1ea5p biogas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p biogas-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau.

            H\u00ecnh 24 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel. H\u00ecnh 25 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c [6]. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh 26.

            K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

               \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau: (1) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-x\u0103ng; (2) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-x\u0103ng; (3) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas; (4) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c; (5) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel; (6) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y x\u0103ng sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas n\u00e9n; (7) b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y k\u00e9o ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng diesel th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y k\u00e9o l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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            H\u00ecnh 27 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC 20 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel. B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas. H\u00ecnh 28 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC 21 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean do biogas c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y th\u1ea5p n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

               H\u00ecnh 29 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n van biogas n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng diesel [11]. H\u00ecnh 30 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u00eam b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC 20 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng diesel khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00ecnh 31 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel nhi\u1ec1u xi lanh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb e=12, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p-v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC 20. H\u00ecnh 32 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u00eam b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n GATEC 21 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng [12]. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i x\u0103ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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             C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y x\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas n\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG [9], [10]. H\u00ecnh 33 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u00f4 t\u00f4 x\u0103ng. C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y k\u00e9o diesel th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y k\u00e9o l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-diesel (h\u00ecnh 34). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a van cung c\u1ea5p biogas do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a van cung c\u1ea5p biogas n\u00e9n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sao cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng diesel.

            Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc H2<\/sub>S \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang qui tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m 15% so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ea7n thay d\u1ea7u nh\u1eddn v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec gi\u1ea3m 20% so v\u1edbi khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1m3<\/sup> biogas ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 l\u00edt x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1kg CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng biogas l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Biogas l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 GATEC cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u00e9o m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi 1 m3 biogas ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 l\u00edt x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1kg CO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9p biogas-diesel c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean liejeu diesel t\u0103ng khi ch\u1ea1y \u1edf t\u1ea3i cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m 20%. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 40% do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. G\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 30\u00b0\u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00b0. T\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u1ea1m l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng e=12.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>1.       http:\/\/www.globalwarmingart.com\/wiki\/Image:Global_Warming_Predictions_Map_jpg2.       Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam, Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan:Utilization of biogas engines in rural area: A contribution to climate change mitigation<\/em>. Colloque International RUNSUD 2010, pp. 19-31, Universite Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France, 23-25 Mars 2010
    3.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng, Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Minh, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Tuy\u1ec3n: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n Biogas l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi.<\/em> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7y Kh\u00ed to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, Qui Nh\u01a1n, 22-24\/7\/2010, pp. 175-184
    4.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng, L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn, L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ea1ch: So s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u sang ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas<\/em>. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7y Kh\u00ed to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, Qui Nh\u01a1n, 22-24\/7\/2010, pp.185-192
    5.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, L\u00ea Minh Ti\u1ebfn: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y dual fuel biogas-diesel. <\/em>T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Giao Th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn T\u1ea3i, s\u1ed1 4\/2011, pp. 32-34
    6.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ea1ch:M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 biogas \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Fluent<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 80-2011, pp. 134-138
    7.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u1ea3i T\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas.<\/em> T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u01a1 Kh\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 01, 10-2011, pp. 4-9
    8.       Bui Van Ga, Tran Van Nam, Tran Thanh Hai Tung, Le Minh Tien, Le Xuan Thach: Study of Performance of Biogas Spark Ignition Engine Converted from Diesel Engine.<\/em> The International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development. Hochiminh City, Vietnam, September 29-30, 2012
    9.       B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga:B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 6643 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba van ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed cho xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y LPG\/x\u0103ng”. <\/em>C\u1ee5c S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, <\/em>09-10-2007
    10.    B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga:B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 8187 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i-l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng LPG\u201d. <\/em>C\u1ee5c S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, <\/em>18-01-2010
    11.    B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga:B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 9433 \u201cB\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng biogas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel\u201d. <\/em>C\u1ee5c S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, <\/em>11-07-2011
    12.    B\u00f9i V\u0103n Ga:B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 9562 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng hai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u biogas-x\u0103ng\u201d. <\/em>C\u1ee5c S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, <\/em>16-08-2011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GATEC                         GATEC l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y-Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (TRT) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa-\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c Khoa C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Giao th\u00f4ng, Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trang-chu-3","category-trang-chu-trang-chu-3"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGATEC v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS - \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 Biogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dongcobiogas.com\/en\/gatec-va-dong-co-biogas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GATEC v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 BIOGAS - 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